International Journal of Innovative Research in Health Science

Migraine is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache associated with nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound. It is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The condition affects about 10–15% of the global population, with higher prevalence among women. Pathophysiologically, migraine involves activation of the trigeminovascular system and release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), contributing to neurogenic inflammation. Clinical features include unilateral pulsating headache lasting 4–72 hours, sometimes preceded by aura. Diagnosis is primarily clinical. Management includes acute and preventive therapies such as NSAIDs, triptans, beta-blockers, and CGRP antagonists. Recent advances have improved treatment outcomes, though migraine remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.