International Journal of Innovative Research in Health Science

Hair fall (alopecia) is a common dermatological condition with diverse etiologies and significant psychosocial impact. It encompasses non-scarring forms such as androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, and alopecia areata, as well as scarring alopecias that cause irreversible follicular damage. Hair loss results from disruption of the hair growth cycle, follicular miniaturization, immune-mediated injury, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalance, and mechanical or inflammatory factors. Accurate classification based on pattern and scarring status is essential for effective diagnosis and management. Androgenetic alopecia remains the most prevalent form, while telogen effluvium is often stress-induced and reversible. Alopecia areata represents an autoimmune disorder with variable prognosis. Current management focuses on identifying triggers and providing individualized therapy using agents such as minoxidil, antiandrogens, and supportive measures. Emerging treatments, including low-dose oral minoxidil, platelet-rich plasma, and Janus kinase inhibitors, are expanding therapeutic options. Early detection, particularly of traction and scarring alopecias, is crucial to prevent permanent hair loss and improve outcomes.